8. Development

This section only needs to be read by developers of the zhmcclient package. People that want to make a fix or develop some extension, and people that want to test the project are also considered developers for the purpose of this section.

8.1. Code of Conduct

Help us keep zhmcclient open and inclusive. Please read and follow our Code of Conduct.

8.2. Repository

The repository for zhmcclient is on GitHub:

https://github.com/zhmcclient/python-zhmcclient

8.3. Setting up the development environment

The development environment is pretty easy to set up.

Besides having a supported operating system with a supported Python version (see Supported environments), it is recommended that you set up a virtual Python environment.

Then, with a virtual Python environment active, clone the Git repo of this project and prepare the development environment with make develop:

$ git clone git@github.com:zhmcclient/python-zhmcclient.git
$ cd python-zhmcclient
$ make develop

This will install all prerequisites the package needs to run, as well as all prerequisites that you need for development.

Generally, this project uses Make to do things in the currently active Python environment. The command make help (or just make) displays a list of valid Make targets and a short description of what each target does.

8.4. Building the documentation

The ReadTheDocs (RTD) site is used to publish the documentation for the zhmcclient package at http://python-zhmcclient.readthedocs.io/

This page automatically gets updated whenever the master branch of the Git repo for this package changes.

In order to build the documentation locally from the Git work directory, issue:

$ make builddoc

The top-level document to open with a web browser will be build_doc/html/docs/index.html.

8.5. Testing

To run unit tests in the currently active Python environment, issue one of these example variants of make test:

$ make test                                  # Run all unit tests
$ TESTCASES=test_resource.py make test       # Run only this test source file
$ TESTCASES=TestInit make test               # Run only this test class
$ TESTCASES="TestInit or TestSet" make test  # py.test -k expressions are possible

To run the unit tests and some more commands that verify the project is in good shape in all supported Python environments, use Tox:

$ tox                              # Run all tests on all supported Python versions
$ tox -e py27                      # Run all tests on Python 2.7
$ tox -e py27 test_resource.py     # Run only this test source file on Python 2.7
$ tox -e py27 TestInit             # Run only this test class on Python 2.7
$ tox -e py27 TestInit or TestSet  # py.test -k expressions are possible

The positional arguments of the tox command are passed to py.test using its -k option. Invoke py.test --help for details on the expression syntax of its -k option.

8.6. Running function tests against a real HMC and CPC

The function tests (in tests/function/test_*.py) can be run against a faked HMC/CPC (using the zhmcclient mock support), or against a real HMC/CPC.

By default, the function tests are run against the faked HMC/CPC. To run them against a real HMC/CPC, you must:

  • Specify the name of the target CPC in the ZHMC_TEST_CPC environment variable. This environment variable is the control point that decides between using a real HMC/CPC and using the faked environment:

    export ZHMC_TEST_CPC=S67B
    
  • Have an HMC credentials file at location examples/hmccreds.yaml that specifies the target CPC (among possibly further CPCs) in its cpcs item:

    cpcs:
    
      S67B:
        description: "z13s in DPM mode"
        contact: "Joe"
        hmc_host: "10.11.12.13"
        hmc_userid: myuserid
        hmc_password: mypassword
    
      # ... more CPCs
    

There is an example HMC credentials file in the repo, at examples/example_hmccreds.yaml. For a description of its format, see Format of the HMC credentials file.

8.7. Enabling logging for function tests

The function tests always log to stderr. What can be logged are the following two components:

  • api: Calls to and returns from zhmcclient API functions (at debug level).
  • hmc: Interactions with the HMC (i.e. HTTP requests and responses, at debug level).

By default, the log component and level is set to:

all=warning

meaning that all components log at warning level or higher.

To set different log levels for the log components, set the ZHMC_LOG environment variable as follows:

export ZHMC_LOG=COMP=LEVEL[,COMP=LEVEL[,...]]

Where:

  • COMP is one of: all, api, hmc.
  • LEVEL is one of: error, warning, info, debug.

For example, to enable logging of the zhmcclient API calls and the interactions with the HMC, use:

export ZHMC_LOG=api=debug,hmc=debug

or, shorter:

export ZHMC_LOG=all=debug

8.8. Format of the HMC credentials file

The HMC credentials file is used for specifying real HMCs/CPCs to be used by function tests. Its syntax is YAML, and the cpcs item relevant for function testing has the following structure:

cpcs:

  "CPC1":
    description: "z13 test system"
    contact: "Amy"
    hmc_host: "10.10.10.11"           # required
    hmc_userid: "myuser1"             # required
    hmc_password: "mypassword1"       # required

  "CPC2":
    description: "z14 development system"
    contact: "Bob"
    hmc_host: "10.10.10.12"
    hmc_userid: "myuser2"
    hmc_password: "mypassword2"

In the example above, any words in double quotes are data and can change, and any words without double quotes are considered keywords and must be specified as shown.

“CPC1” and “CPC2” are CPC names that are used to select an entry in the file. The entry for a CPC contains data about the HMC managing that CPC, with its host, userid and password. If two CPCs are managed by the same HMC, there would be two CPC entries with the same HMC data.

8.9. Contributing

Third party contributions to this project are welcome!

In order to contribute, create a Git pull request, considering this:

  • Test is required.
  • Each commit should only contain one “logical” change.
  • A “logical” change should be put into one commit, and not split over multiple commits.
  • Large new features should be split into stages.
  • The commit message should not only summarize what you have done, but explain why the change is useful.
  • The commit message must follow the format explained below.

What comprises a “logical” change is subject to sound judgement. Sometimes, it makes sense to produce a set of commits for a feature (even if not large). For example, a first commit may introduce a (presumably) compatible API change without exploitation of that feature. With only this commit applied, it should be demonstrable that everything is still working as before. The next commit may be the exploitation of the feature in other components.

For further discussion of good and bad practices regarding commits, see:

8.10. Format of commit messages

A commit message must start with a short summary line, followed by a blank line.

Optionally, the summary line may start with an identifier that helps identifying the type of change or the component that is affected, followed by a colon.

It can include a more detailed description after the summary line. This is where you explain why the change was done, and summarize what was done.

It must end with the DCO (Developer Certificate of Origin) sign-off line in the format shown in the example below, using your name and a valid email address of yours. The DCO sign-off line certifies that you followed the rules stated in DCO 1.1. In short, you certify that you wrote the patch or otherwise have the right to pass it on as an open-source patch.

We use GitCop during creation of a pull request to check whether the commit messages in the pull request comply to this format. If the commit messages do not comply, GitCop will add a comment to the pull request with a description of what was wrong.

Example commit message:

cookies: Add support for delivering cookies

Cookies are important for many people. This change adds a pluggable API for
delivering cookies to the user, and provides a default implementation.

Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.org>

Use git commit --amend to edit the commit message, if you need to.

Use the --signoff (-s) option of git commit to append a sign-off line to the commit message with your name and email as known by Git.

If you like filling out the commit message in an editor instead of using the -m option of git commit, you can automate the presence of the sign-off line by using a commit template file:

  • Create a file outside of the repo (say, ~/.git-signoff.template) that contains, for example:

    <one-line subject>
    
    <detailed description>
    
    Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.org>
    
  • Configure Git to use that file as a commit template for your repo:

    git config commit.template ~/.git-signoff.template
    

8.11. Releasing a version

This section shows the steps for releasing a version to PyPI.

It covers all variants of versions that can be released:

  • Releasing the master branch as a new major or minor version (M+1.0.0 or M.N+1.0)
  • Releasing a stable branch as a new update (= fix) version (M.N.U+1)

This description assumes that you are authorized to push to the upstream repo at https://github.com/zhmcclient/python-zhmcclient and that the upstream repo has the remote name origin in your local clone.

  1. Switch to your work directory of your local clone of the python-zhmcclient Git repo and perform the following steps in that directory.

  2. Set shell variables for the version and branch to be released:

    • MNU - Full version number M.N.U this release should have
    • MN - Major and minor version numbers M.N of that full version
    • BRANCH - Name of the branch to be released

    When releasing the master branch as a new major or minor version (e.g. 0.19.0):

    MNU=0.19.0
    MN=0.19
    BRANCH=master
    

    When releasing a stable branch as a new update (=fix) version (e.g. 0.18.1):

    MNU=0.18.1
    MN=0.18
    BRANCH=stable_$MN
    
  3. Check out the branch to be released, make sure it is up to date with upstream, and create a topic branch for the version to be released:

    git status  # Double check the work directory is clean
    git checkout $BRANCH
    git pull
    git checkout -b release_$MNU
    
  4. Edit the version file and set the version to be released:

    vi zhmcclient/_version.py
    

    __version__ = 'M.N.U'

    Where M.N.U is the version to be released, e.g. 0.18.1.

    You can verify that this version is picked up by setup.py as follows:

    ./setup.py --version
    0.18.1
    
  5. Edit the change log:

    vi docs/changes.rst
    

    and make the following changes in the section of the version to be released:

    • Finalize the version to the version to be released.
    • Remove the statement that the version is in development.
    • Change the release date to today´s date.
    • Make sure that all changes are described.
    • Make sure the items shown in the change log are relevant for and understandable by users.
    • In the “Known issues” list item, remove the link to the issue tracker and add text for any known issues you want users to know about.
    • Remove all empty list items in that section.
  6. Commit your changes and push them upstream:

    git add docs/changes.rst
    git commit -sm "Release $MNU"
    git push --set-upstream origin release_$MNU
    
  7. On GitHub, create a Pull Request for branch release_$MNU. This will trigger the CI runs in Travis and Appveyor.

    Important: When creating Pull Requests, GitHub by default targets the master branch. If you are releasing a stable branch, you need to change the target branch of the Pull Request to stable_M.N.

  8. On GitHub, close milestone M.N.U.

  9. On GitHub, once the checks for this Pull Request succeed:

    • Merge the Pull Request (no review is needed).
    • Delete the branch of the Pull Request (release_M.N.U)
  10. Checkout the branch you are releasing, update it from upstream, and delete the local topic branch you created:

    git checkout $BRANCH
    git pull
    git branch -d release_$MNU
    
  11. Tag the version:

    Create a tag for the new version and push the tag addition upstream:

    git status    # Double check the branch to be released is checked out
    git tag $MNU
    git push --tags
    

    The pushing of the tag triggers an RTD docs build of its stable version.

    If the previous commands fail because this tag already exists for some reason, delete the tag locally and remotely:

    git tag --delete $MNU
    git push --delete origin $MNU
    

    and try again.

  12. On GitHub, edit the new tag M.N.U, and create a release description on it. This will cause it to appear in the Release tab.

    You can see the tags in GitHub via Code -> Releases -> Tags.

  13. Upload the package to PyPI:

    make upload
    

    This will show the package version and will ask for confirmation.

    Important: Double check that the correct package version (M.N.U, without any development suffix) is shown.

    Attention!! This only works once for each version. You cannot re-release the same version to PyPI, or otherwise update it.

    Verify that the released version arrived on PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/zhmcclient/

  14. On RTD, verify that it shows the version to be released as its stable version:

    RTD stable version: https://python-zhmcclient.readthedocs.io/en/stable.

    If it does not, trigger a build of RTD version “stable” on the RTD project page:

    RTD build page: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-zhmcclient/builds/

    Once that build is complete, verify again.

  15. If you released the master branch, it needs a new fix stream.

    Create a branch for its fix stream and push it upstream:

    git status    # Double check the branch to be released is checked out
    git checkout -b stable_$MN
    git push --set-upstream origin stable_$MN
    

    Log on to the RTD project python-zhmcclient and activate the new version (=branch) stable_M.N as a version to be built.

  16. If you released the master branch, a new version should be started as described in Starting a new version.

    This may be a new minor version on the same major version, or a new major version.

8.12. Starting a new version

This section shows the steps for starting development of a new version.

These steps may be performed right after the steps for Releasing a version, or independently.

This section covers all variants of new versions:

  • A new major or minor version for new development based upon the master branch.
  • A new update (=fix) version based on a stable branch.

This description assumes that you are authorized to push to the upstream repo at https://github.com/zhmcclient/python-zhmcclient and that the upstream repo has the remote name origin in your local clone.

  1. Switch to your work directory of your local clone of the python-zhmcclient Git repo and perform the following steps in that directory.

  2. Set shell variables for the version to be started and its base branch:

    • MNU - Full version number M.N.U of the new version to be started
    • MN - Major and minor version numbers M.N of that full version
    • BRANCH - Name of the branch the new version is based upon

    When starting a (major or minor) version (e.g. 0.20.0) based on the master branch:

    MNU=0.20.0
    MN=0.20
    BRANCH=master
    

    When starting an update (=fix) version (e.g. 0.19.1) based on a stable branch:

    MNU=0.19.1
    MN=0.19
    BRANCH=stable_$MN
    
  3. Check out the branch the new version is based on, make sure it is up to date with upstream, and create a topic branch for the new version:

    git status  # Double check the work directory is clean
    git checkout $BRANCH
    git pull
    git checkout -b start_$MNU
    
  4. Edit the change log:

    vi docs/changes.rst
    

    and insert the following section before the top-most section:

    Version 0.19.0
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    
    Released: not yet
    
    **Incompatible changes:**
    
    **Deprecations:**
    
    **Bug fixes:**
    
    **Enhancements:**
    
    **Known issues:**
    
    * See `list of open issues`_.
    
    .. _`list of open issues`: https://github.com/zhmcclient/python-zhmcclient/issues
    
  5. Commit your changes and push them upstream:

    git add docs/changes.rst
    git commit -sm "Start $MNU"
    git push --set-upstream origin start_$MNU
    
  6. On GitHub, create a Pull Request for branch start_M.N.U.

    Important: When creating Pull Requests, GitHub by default targets the master branch. If you are starting based on a stable branch, you need to change the target branch of the Pull Request to stable_M.N.

  7. On GitHub, create a milestone for the new version M.N.U.

    You can create a milestone in GitHub via Issues -> Milestones -> New Milestone.

  8. On GitHub, go through all open issues and pull requests that still have milestones for previous releases set, and either set them to the new milestone, or to have no milestone.

  9. On GitHub, once the checks for this Pull Request succeed:

    • Merge the Pull Request (no review is needed)
    • Delete the branch of the Pull Request (start_M.N.U)
  10. Checkout the branch the new version is based on, update it from upstream, and delete the local topic branch you created:

    git checkout $BRANCH
    git pull
    git branch -d start_$MNU